Static gps surveying was the first method used in the field and it continues to be the primary technique used today. The training manual explains the fundamentals of gps, provides classroom and field exercises, and includes a glossary of terms. Gps measurements either through a permanent, continuously operating longterm gps reference station cgps, or through episodic gps static resurveys of the same point provide information on longterm variations in vertical and horizontal land movement. Global positioning system gps survey specifications general. It provides an answer to the question where on earth am. Gps is a solution for one of mans longest and most troublesome problems. Control gps base stations user densification network c2i order 1.
Static gps surveying has been used on control surveys from local to statewide extent, and will probably continue to be the preferred technique in that category. Because fast static surveying does not require a bluetooth connection to be established, we do not have to go into the connect menu. If its planned correctly, a gps static survey can be independent of some of the things that have plagued such work in the past. This can include both gps and traditional surveying techniques. By implication, surveying means precision positioning performed by highly trained professionals who are certified to produce legally defendable data. Static gps surveying is a relative positioning technique which employs two or more stationary receivers simultaneously tracking the same satellites.
Static gps gnss survey methods manual ian lauer idaho state university this document is a practical guide to field methods for static positioning systems. The duration of these simultaneous observations varies with the length of the line and the accuracy needed, but is typically an hour or more. Gps receivers capable of executing these types of surveys can also be used for conventional static gps surveying. D e8 mm d 3d rod, disk in massive structure, feno marker azimuth pairs. This document was developed from a combination of practical field procedures developed by team members, manufacturer guidelines, examination and. Lowend handheld gps receivers acquiring only this type of position may be used for finding monuments or rough positions within about 30 feet. Performing a faststatic survey using a r8 gnss receiver. This guide is intended for both instructors and students in its current. Noaa guidance document for determination of vertical land. General guide to static and rapidstatic optical survey. Examples of this kind of data collection might include property lines or.
Surveying with gps, total station and terresterial laser. Leica geosystems the freedom company we believe in freedom. A further distinction between static and kinematic surveying can be seen with respect to accuracy issues kleusberg, 1990. One antenna is setup on a static point with fixed coordinates and is known as the base station. In general, gps applications can be categorized as follows. Chapter six gps surveying techniques static gps surveying if a static gps control survey is carefully planned, it usually progresses smoothly. Additionally, access to global positioning system gps surveying equipment capable of performing static gps surveying and real time kinematic gps surveying, along with personnel trained in its use, are required. A variation of the static survey is the faststatic method also called rapid static by some manufacturers of gps equipment. Static gps gnss data processing with opus manual microsoft word 2007. Topcon static survey notes most commonly the receiver will be preconfigured with the desired survey parameters and will start a survey automatically upon powerup plug n play mode. Page 82 highway surveying manual january 2005 global positioning system gps survey specifications. It may consist of multiple receivers, multiple baselines. The materials provided for this postprocessed surveying training course include this training manual, which you can use during the class and on the job.
Intergovernmental committee on surveying and mapping guideline for control surveys by gnss sp1 2 version 2. A static gps survey conducted in fall 2014 in the willamette valley, oregon, was processed and adjusted according to the given recommendations 18 passive marks were observed with survey grade gnss receivers for four or more 10hour static gps sessions. Guidelines for the use of gnss in surveying and mapping. It does not cover positioning computation or theory, but is focused on fieldbased application of survey systems. The technology has virtually conquered two stumbling blocks that have defeated the plans of conventional surveyors for generations. Application to koyulhisar landslide, central turkey. It may consist of multiple receivers, multiple baselines, multiple observational redundancies and multiple sessions. Typically, the fast static gps method should not be used for corridor. Static gps is used for determining accurate coordinates for survey points by simultaneously recording gps observations over a known and unknown survey point for at least 20 minutes. Pdf this paper presents a methodology for reliable surveying and processing of gnss observations. Hi, i am using trimble r8 gps but i dont know how we do static survey with trimble r8 so can anybody guide me for this. Static, fast static, kinematic, pseudo kinematic, realtime kinematic, receiver initialization, on the fly otf, baselines, redundant baselines, base receiver, rover gps has become a standard surveying technique in most surveying practices this could be attributed to both the ease of use as well as reduction in hardware costs. A gps baseline uses two survey quality gps receivers, with one at each end of the line to be measured. An introduction to accuracy standards for land surveys.
Kinematic gnss survey methods manual pdf acrobat pdf 11. Global positioning system gps survey guidelines february 2010 ncdot location and surveys manual 62 6a post processed gps survey specifications 6a. Dod navstar global positioning system gps system broadcast orbits are realized differential x,y,z vectors in other reference frames would be possible if different orbits were used. Densification of gnss control points for cadastral and. The data is then processed in the office to provide coordinates with an accuracy of better than 5mm depending on the duration of the observations and satellite. Global positioning system is also a surveying instrument that determines coordinates of a point relative to wgs 84. They collect data from the same gps satellites at the same time. Static surveys allows for systematic errors to be resolved when highaccuracy positions are required by collecting simultaneous data between stationary receivers for an extended period of time, usually 30 minutes to 4 hours. Employing gps technology saves time during the survey because the conventional traverse and the level circuits need to be run in only one direction. You will learn to carry out a realtime kinematic surveying project. One receiver, the base receiver, is set up over a point with precisely known coordinates such as a survey monument. These accuracy standards are summarized in the following tables. Guideline for control surveys by gnss special publication 1. Pdf an approach to reliable rapid static gnss surveying.
All gps data was processed in opusprojects following recommended workflow. Static gps survey procedures allow various systematic errors to be resolved when high accuracy positioning is required. This is an acronym for navigation system with time and ranging global positioning system. Recommended procedures for postprocessing static gps. Surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or threedimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. Free to tackle any job free to make more profit free to be more competitive free from worry all gps surveying techniques are fully supported whether its static, rapid. Static gps gnss survey methods manual microsoft word 2007. A differential global positioning system dgps is an enhancement to the global positioning system gps which provides improved location accuracy, in the range of operations of each system, from the 15meter nominal gps accuracy to about cm in case of the best implementations each dgps uses a network of fixed groundbased reference stations to broadcast the difference between the. These standards are applicable to most types of engineering and construction survey equipment and practices e. A least squares adjustment of the observations is required. Fast static gps survey procedures require more advanced equipment and data reduction techniques than static gps methods.
Static gps surveying typically uses a network or multiple baseline approach for positioning. Although the field procedures are different from conventional static gps surveying, the principles of planning, quality control and network processing are very similar. Usace new orleans district minimum survey standards. Static procedures are used to produce baselines between stationary gps units by recording data over an extended predetermined period of. Realtime kinematic survey effectively use feature codes perform field data collection procedures and office data processing. The line between a pair of gps receivers from which simultaneous gps data have been collected and processed is a vector referred to as a baseline.
Typical requirements will include requesting site access from land owners prior to work being performed. The following documents may have relevance to the application of this guideline. Confidently conduct a gps realtime kinematic survey 1. Precision and accuracy of the static gnss method for surveying. Autonomous immediate positions determined without the aid of post processing or differential corrections. The primary purpose for employing the global positioning system gps is to establish moreaccurate survey control in road design by improving angular control on a long, narrow traverse. However, there are some things that need to be consideredoverhead obstructions, access between points, and so on. When you enter the settings menu, select the survey styles menu to create your new survey. In rapid static or fast static surveying can provide subcentimeter level accuracies with 20 kilometer baselines and 20 to 10 to 20 minutes of recording time. Inclement weather does not disrupt gps observations.
Static gps survey techniques two gps receivers are used to measure a gps baseline distance. If this applies to you, skip the configuration section of this documentation and go directly to operation. In static gps surveying the receivers is motionless for a time, usually a relatively long occupation. A basic introduction of these principles is given in the booklet general guide to static and rapid static. In the survey styles menu, you will create and edit a new style. If a static gps control survey is carefully planned, it usually progresses smoothly. Standards and guidelines for cadastral surveys using. In static gps surveying, most random measurement errors are absorbed in the residuals after adjustment, while in kinematic surveying, most random measurement errors are absorbed in the coordinates. These descriptions are entered into windesc for bluebooking, or. They will survey one or more locations and fill out thorough field notes about both the field site example field notebook acrobat pdf 1. Surveying using gps and conclusion intergovernmental. After studying these guidelines a user will know the basic concepts and principles of how to operate system. For static observations, just take out the antenna, leaving the receiver running in the case.